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1 μῆτις
A ; also gen. ιδος A.Supp.61 (lyr.); acc. pl. ιδας Id.Ch. 626 (lyr.); dat. μήτιδι Orac. ap.Hdt.7.141; [dialect] Ep. μήτῑ for μήτιϊ, Hom. (v. infr.); pl.μητίεσσι Pi. O.1.9
; acc.μῆτιν Il.2.407
, S.Ant. 158 (lyr.):—wisdom, skill, craft, Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντος (cf. μητίετα) Il.l.c., al.;βροτείη μ. Emp.2.9
;τὰν Διὸς γὰρ οὐχ ὁρῶ μῆτιν, ὅπᾳ φύγοιμ' ἄν A.Pr. 906
(lyr.);μήτι.. καὶ κέρδεσιν Od.13.299
;μήτι.. μέγ' ἀμείνων ἠὲ βίηφι Il.23.315
; μῆτιν ἀλώπηξ a fox for craft, Pi.I.4(3).47; of a poet's craft, Id.N.l.c.II counsel, plan, undertaking,ὑφαίνειν μῆτιν Il.7.324
, cf. Od.4.678, etc.: pl.,σοφῶν μητίεσσι Pi.O.
l.c.;γυναικοβούλους μήτιδας A.Ch.
l.c.— Poet. word. (Cf. Skt. mimāti, [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass. mitá- 'measure', Lat. metior, OE. mæþ 'measure'.) -
2 ἀλώπηξ
Aἀλώπηκος Anan.5
), ἡ; dat. pl., , [dialect] Ep.ἀλωπήκεσσι Opp.C.1.433
:—fox, Canis vulpes (smaller Egyptian species Arist.HA 606a24, C. niloticus), Archil.86.2, 89.5, Semon.7.7, Hdt.2.67, etc.: of sly persons,ἀλώπεκος ἴχνεσι βαίνειν Sol.11.5
; μῆτιν ἀ. a very fox for craft, Pi.I.4(3).65: prov., τὴν.. Ἀρχιλόχου ἀλώπεκα ἑλκτέον ἐξόπισθεν we must trail Archilochus' foxskin behind, i.e. deceive by false appearances, Pl.R. 365c;πολλῆς αὐτῆς τῆς ἀ. ἐπιχέαντες Eun.Hist.p.249D.
; ἡ ἀ. τὸν βοῦν ἐλαύνει 'sleight masters might', Diogenian.2.73; πεινῶσαν ἀ. ὕπνος ἐπέρχεται 'qui dort dine', Id.7.91; ἡ κέρκος τῇ ἀλώπεκι μαρτυρεῖ 'ex pede Herculem', Id.5.15; ἀλλ' οὐκ αὖθις ἀ. (sc. πάγαις ἁλώσεται) 'a burnt child dreads the fire', Id.2.15.IV in pl., muscles of the loins, psoas-muscles, Clearch.92, Ruf.Onom. 189.V = ἀλωπεκία 1, mange, Herod.7.72, Call.Dian. 79: in pl., bald patches, Hp.Aff.35. -
3 Σίσυφος
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > Σίσυφος
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4 σοφίζω
2 [voice] Pass., become or be clever or skilled in a thing, c. gen. rei, ναυτιλίης σεσοφισμένος skilled in seamanship, Hes.Op. 649;Μοίσαι σεσοφισμέναι Ibyc.Oxy.1790.23
; so ἐν τοῖς ὀνόμασι ς. X.Cyn. 13.6: abs., to become or be wise, freq. in LXX, Ec.7.24(23), al.;βέλτερος ἀλκήεντος ἔφυ σεσοφισμένος ἀνήρ Ps.-Phoc.130
.3 [voice] Med., teach oneself, learn, ἐσοφίσατο ὅτι.. he became aware that.., LXX 1 Ki.3.8.II [voice] Med. [full] σοφίζομαι, with [tense] aor. [voice] Med. and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. (v. infr.), practise an art, Thgn.19, IG12.678; play subtle tricks, deal subtly, E.IA 744, D.18.227, etc.; οὐδὲν σοφιζόμεσθα τοῖσι δαίμοσι we use no subtleties in dealing with the gods, E.Ba. 200; to be scientific, speculate,περὶ τὸ ὄνομα Pl.R. 509d
, cf. Plt. 299b, Muson.Fr.3p.12H., etc.; σοφιζόμενος φάναι to say rationalistically, Pl.Phdr. 229c; καίπερ οὕτω τούτου σεσοφισμένου though he has dealt thus craftily, D.29.28; σοφίσασθαι πρός τι to use fraud for an end, Plb.6.58.12; οἱ ἰητροὶ σοφιζόμενοι ἔστιν οἳ ἁμαρτάνουσι when they deal in subtleties, Hp.Fract. 1; οἱ μυθικῶς σοφ. Arist.Metaph. 1000a18, cf. HA 582a35, D.35.56; σ. πρὸς τὸν νόμον evade it, Plu.Dem.27.2 c. acc. rei, devise cleverly or skilfully, Hdt.2.66, 8.27, cf. 1.80;καινὰς ἰδέας σοφίζεσθαι Ar.Nu. 547
;χαρίεντα καὶ σοφά Id.Av. 1401
; ἀλλότρια ς. meddle with other men's craft, Id.Eq. 299; with internal acc., ἀνόητα ς. exercise one's skill without νοῦς, Pl.Hp.Ma. 283a, cf. X.Mem.1.2.46;ὅσα.. σοφίζονται πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Arist.Pol. 1297a14
; ἀλλ' αὐτὸ τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι this is the very thing one must gain by craft, S.Ph.77; οἶνον ἀπὸ τῶν φοινίκων ς. make spurious wine, Philostr.VA2.6;πορφύραν παρὰ τῆς κόχλου Id.Her.19.15
:—[voice] Pass., σεσοφισμένοι μῦθοι craftily devised, 2 Ep.Pet.1.16.3 c. acc. pers., deceive,τὸν Τίτον J.BJ4.2.3
;μή με σοφίζου AP12.25
(Stat. Flacc.);τὸν δῆμον Hdn.7.10.7
; alsoσ. τὴν αἴσθησιν Aret.SD 1.15
.4 ' counter' by a device,σοφίζεται τὴν βίαν τοῦ μηχανήματος J.BJ3.7.20
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5 μῆτις
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `wisdom, skill, craft' (Il.).Compounds: As 2. member e.g. in πολύ-μητις `with many councils, inventive', of Odysseus, also of Hephaistos (Hom.), ἀγκυλο-μήτης `with crooked councils, cunning', of Kronos, also of Prometheus (Hom.); on the transfer to the ᾱ-stems Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 48 f. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 11 50 f.), Schwyzer 561 w. n. 5.Derivatives: 1. μητιέτᾰ nom. a. (orig.) voc., adjunct of Zeus, `who possesses μῆτις', metr. conditioned form at verse-end for *μητῖτα, after νεφεληγερ-έτα ( Ζεύς) a.o.; with acc. μητιέτην (versinscr. Tegea), nom.- έτης (Corn.); s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 186 n.1, Risch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 394; wrong Fraenkel Festschr. B. Snell (1956) 186 ff. -- 2. μητιόεις `filled with μ.', of Ζεύς, φάρμακα a.o. (δ 227, h. Ap. 344, Hes.); on the formation beyond Schwyzer 527 Fraenkel l.c. -- Denomin. verb: aor. μητίσασθαι, fut. μητίσεσθαι `reflect, devise' (Hom., Emp., A. R.; pres. μητίομαι Pi. P. 2, 92); as pres. is used in the epic for metr. reasons (after the verbs in - ιάω) μητιάω, - άομαι ( μητιόων, μητιάασθαι etc.), also with ἐπι-, συν-, (Hom., A. R.); Schwyzer 727 u. 732. Verbal noun μητίματα pl. H. s.v. μήτεα (for μήδεα?).Etymology: As orig. verbal noun *'measuring' (improb. `measurer' as nom. ag.; cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 26 a. 37 f., Borgström NTS 16, 145) μῆτις has exact correspondences in Skt. māti- `measure' (lex.) and in the Germ. word, which is isolated, OE mǣd f. `measure'; the same noun is also supposed by Lat. mētior `measure'. The basic primary verb is found only in Indoiran., e.g. Skt. mā́-ti, redupl. mí-mā-ti `measure' (with a.o. upa-mā- with úpamā-ti-'distribution, measuring out'). An other formation is μή-τρα `land-measure'; ablauting with this μέτρον (s.v.). Also in the other languages several isolated verbal nouns with diff. meanings are preserved, thus Germ., e.g. Goth. mēl `time', OHG māl `point of time, (time for) meal, Mahl'. -- The unassibilated - τι- (for - σι-) has been explained from the isolated position of the archaic μῆτις, cf. Schwyzer 505 and Chantraine Form. 277. On μῆτις in gen. Porzig Satzinhalte 329 a. 336, Benveniste Noms d'agent 77. -- Further forms WP. 2, 237f., Pok. 703f., W.-Hofmann s. mētior.Page in Frisk: 2,232-233Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῆτις
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6 κράτος
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. ἀ-κρατής `without strength, power (over others or over oneself)'; oppos. ἐγ-κρατής `having power over, controlling (oneself)' with ἐγκράτεια, - έω etc.; αὑτο-κρατής `having power over oneself, independent'; more usual αὑτο-κράτωρ `with unlimited power' (Ar., Th.); details in Debrunner FS Tɨèche (Bern 1947) 11f.; also - κρέτης in Aeol. and Arc. Cypr. PN, e. g. Σω-κρέτης.Derivatives: Beside κράτος, κρέτος there are several adjectives: 1. κρατύς `strong, powerful' (Hom.; only κρατὺς Άργεϊφόντης, verse-end) with κρατύνω, ep. also καρτ- `strengthen, conso;idate, rule' (Il.) with κρατυσμός `strenghtening', κρατυντήριος `id.', - τικός `id.' (medic.), κρατύντωρ `controller' ( PMag. Leid.). - 2. κρατερός (Il., A. Pr. 168, anap.), καρτερός (Il.) `id.' (IA.); also as 1. member, e.g. κρατερό-φρων (Il.). καρτερέω, also with prefix, e.g. δια-, `be steadfast, hold out, overcome onseself' (IA.) with καρτερία (Pl., X.), - ρησις (Pl.) `holding on, firmness', - ρικός (Att.); καρτερόω `strengthen' (Aq., Herm.). - 3. κραταιός `id.' (Il.), also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 82); rarely as 1. member, e.g. κραταιό-φρων ( PMag.). With κραταιότης = κράτος (LXX), κραταιόω `strengthen' (LXX, NT) with κραταίωμα, - ωσις (LXX). Fem. κραταιίς (Od.; Schwyzer 385). - 4. Primary comparison: comp. κρείττων, (Atticising) κρείσσων with sec. - ει- for κρέσσων (Ion., Pi.); Dor. κάρρων, Cret. κάρτων; denomin. κρειττόομαι `have excrescences', with κρείττωσις (Thphr.). sup. κράτιστος, ep. κάρτ-, (Il.), with - τεύω `be the best, surpass' (Pi., Att.); -( ε)ία as title, `highness' (pap.). -- 5. Adv. κάρτα `in a high degree, very' (Ion. and trag.). - 6. As 1. member often κραται- ( καρται-), e.g. κραται-γύαλος `with strong breast-pieces' (T 361). Further Κρατι-, Καρτι- in PN, e.g. Κρατί-δημος, Καρτί-νικος; also Κρατ(ο)-, Κρατε- a. o. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 256). Hypocoristic short-names Κρατῖνος (Schwyzer 491, Chantraine Formation 205), Κρατύλος, Κράτυλλος (Leumann Glotta 32, 217 a. 225 A. 1), Κρατιεύς (Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 126). On Κρεσφόντης s. v. - 7. Verb: κρατέω (Il.), Aeol. κρετέω, aor. κρατῆσαι (posthom.), κρέτησαι (Sapph.), often with prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, `controll, possess, rule, conquer'; with ( ἐπι- etc.) κράτησις `power, rule' (Th., LXX), ( δια-, ἐπι-) κρατητικός `controlling' (late), ( δια-)κράτημα `support, grip' (medic.); κρατητής `possessor' (Procl.); κρατῆρας τοὺς κρατοῦντας H. for κρατητῆρας (Lewy KZ 59, 182). But ἐγκρατέω from ἐγ-κρατής, ναυ-κρατέω, - τία from ναυ-κρατής etc.; s. above. καρταίνειν κρατεῖν H. -- 8. On κρατευταί s. v.Etymology: With the full grade in Aeol. κρέτος interchanges regularly the zero grade in κρατύς, κάρτα (on ρα: αρ Schwyzer 342). Through analogy arose both κράτος, κάρτος and the compp. κάρρων \< *κάρσ(σ)ων \< *κάρτι̯ων and κάρτων beside the old fullgrade κρέσσων \< *κρέτι̯ων; details in Seiler Steigerungsformen 53 ff. A zero grade of the σ-stem in κρέτος is supposed in Κρεσ-φόντης ( \< *Κρετσ-; Kretschmer Glotta 24, 237, Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 26). - The relation of the forms is not always clear. The adjective κρατερός, καρτερός may conrain a alternating ρ-stem (Benveniste Origines 17, Leumann Hom. Wörter 115), if it is not an analogical innovation to κράτος, κρατέω (e.g. Schwyzer 482). The form Κρατι-, Καρτι-, which appears only in PN, will not be old (like e.g. in κυδι-άνειρα: κῦδος), but rest on analogy (after Άλκι-, Καλλι- a. o.; Frisk Nom. 70). On κάρτα cf. e.g. τάχα, ἅμα. The 1. member κραται- may have been built after παλαι- a. o.; and κραταιός after παλαιός? (cf. Schwyzer 448). Diff. Risch 117: κραταιός back formation to κραταιή for *κράταια, fem. to κρατύς ( Πλαταιαί: πλατύς). Also κρατέω is discussed. Against the obvious explanation as denominative of κράτος (Schwyzer 724; κρατῆσαι only posthom.) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 113ff.; he assumes in κρατέω a backformation to ἐπικρατέω from ἐπι-κρατής (Hom. only adv. ἐπικρατέως). Again diff. Specht KZ 62, 35 ff. - An exact agreement to κράτος etc. is not found. Close are Skt. krátu- m. `power, mind, will', Av. xratu- m. `id.'. The objections that the Indo-Ir. word indicates primarily spiritual qualities ar refuted by OE cræft ` Kraft, physical strength, power', also `insight, craft etc.'. The Germanic word for `hard', Got. hardus etc., which is usually adduced, differs in vowel (IE *kortú- against *kr̥tú- to * kret-). - Cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s. krátuh.Page in Frisk: 2,8-10Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κράτος
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7 δύναμις
A power, might, in Hom., esp. of bodily strength,εἴ μοι δ. γε παρείη Od. 2.62
, cf. Il.8.294;οἵη ἐμὴ δ. καὶ χεῖρες Od.20.237
;ἡ δ. τῶν νέων Antipho 4.3.2
, etc.: generally, strength, power, ability to do anything, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Il.13.787; in Prose,παρὰ δ. τολμηταί Th.1.70
, etc.;ὑπὲρ δ. D.18.193
; opp. κατὰ δ. as far as lies in one, Hdt.3.142, etc. (κὰδ δ. Hes.Op. 336
);εἰς δύναμιν Cratin. 172
, Pl.R. 458e, etc.;πρὸς τὴν δ. Id.Phdr. 231a
.2 outward power, influence, authority, A.Pers. 174 (anap.), Ag. 779 (lyr.);καταπαύσαντα τὴν Κύρου δ. Hdt.1.90
;δυνάμει προὔχοντες Th.7.21
, etc.; ἐν δ. εἶναι, γενέσθαι, X.HG4.4.5, D.13.29.3 force for war, forces,δ. ἀνδρῶν Hdt.5.100
, cf. Pl.Mx. 240d, Plb.1.41.2, LXX Ge.21.22, OGI139.8 (ii B. C.); μετὰ δυνάμεων ἱκανῶν Wilcken Chr.10 (ii B. C.), etc.;δ. καὶ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ καὶ ναυτική X.An.1.3.12
; πέντε δυνάμεσι πεφρουρημένον, of the five projecting rows of sarissae in the phalanx, Ascl.Tact.5.2,al.4 a power, quantity,χρημάτων δ. Hdt.7.9
.ά.5 means,κατὰ δύναμιν Arist.EE 1243b12
; opp. παρὰ δ., 2 Ep.Cor.8.3;κατὰ δ. τῶν ὑπαρχόντων BGU1051.17
(Aug.).II power, faculty, capacity,αἱ ἀμφὶ τὸ σῶμα δ. Hp.VM14
;αἱ τοῦ σώματος δυνάμεις Pl.Tht. 185e
;ἡ τῆς ὄψεως δ. Id.R. 532a
;ἡ τῶν λεγόντων δ. D.22.11
: c. gen. rei, capacity for, ;τοῦ λέγειν Id.Rh. 1362b22
; τοῦ λόγου, τῶν λόγων, Men.578, Alex.94;δ. στρατηγική Plb.1.84.6
;δ. ἐν πραγματείᾳ Id.2.56.5
;δ. συνθετική D.H.Comp.2
: abs., any natural capacity or faculty, that may be improved and may be used for good or ill, Arist.Top. 126a37, cf. MM 1183b28.2 elementary force, such as heat, cold, etc., Hp.VM16, Arist.PA 646a14; ἡ τοῦ θερμοῦ δ.ib. 650a5;θερμαντικὴ δ. Epicur.Fr.60
, cf. Polystr.p.23 W.b property, quality,ἰδίην δύναμιν καὶ φύσιν ἔχειν Hp.VM13
, cf. Nat.Hom.5, Vict.1.10; esp. of the natural properties of plants, etc., αἱ δ. τῶν φυομένων, τῶν σπερμάτων, X.Cyr.8.8.14, Thphr.HP8.11.1; productive power,τῆς γῆς Id.Oec.16.4
;μετάλλων Id.Vect.4.1
: generally, function, faculty, δύναμις φυσική, ζωική, ψυχική, Gal.10.635; περὶ φυσικῶν δ., title of work by Galen.c in pl., agencies, ὑπάρχειν ἐν τῇ φύσει τὰς τοιαύτας δυνάμεις (sc. the gods) Polystr.p.10 W.d function, meaning, of part in whole, Id.p.17 W.e in Music, function, value, of a note in the scale,δ. ἐστι τάξις φθόγγου ἐν συστήματι Cleonid.Harm.14
, cf. Aristox.Harm.p.69M.; μέση κατὰ δύναμιν, opp. κατὰ θέσιν, Ptol. Harm.2.5.3 faculty, art, or craft, Pl.R. 532d, Arist.Metaph. 1018a30, EN 1094a10, Arr.Epict.1.1.1; δ. σκεπτική the doctrine of the Sceptics, S.E.M.7.1.4 a medicine, Timostr.7, etc.;δ. ἁπλαῖ Hp.Decent.9
, Aret.CD1.4, etc.;δ. πολυφάρμακοι Plu.2.403c
, Gal.13.365: in pl., collection of formulae or prescriptions, Orib.10.33.b action of medicines, περὶ τῆς ἁπλῶν φαρμάκων δ., title of work by Galen; also, potency, δυνάμει θερμά, ψυχρά, Id.1.672, al.IV capability of existing or acting, potentiality, opp. actuality ([etym.] ἐνέργεια), Arist.Metaph. 1047b31, 1051a5, etc.: hence δυνάμει as Adv., virtually,ὕστερον ὂν τῇ τάξει, πρότερον τῇ δυνάμει.. ἐστί D.3.15
; opp. ἐνεργείᾳ, Arist.APo. 86a28, al.; opp. ἐντελεχείᾳ, Id.Ph. 193b8, al.V Math., power,κατὰ μεταφορὰν ἡ ἐν γεωμετρίᾳ λέγεται δ. Id.Metaph. 1019b33
; usu. second power, square, κατὰ δύναμιν in square, Pl.Ti. 54b, cf. Theol.Ar.11, etc.: chiefly in dat., [εὐθεῖα] δυνάμει ἴση a line the square on which is equal to an area, ἡ BA ἐλάσσων ἐστὶν ἢ διπλασίων δυνάμει τῆς AK the square on BA is less than double of the square on AK, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.9: εὐθεῖαι δ. σύμμετροι commensurable in square, Euc.10Def.2; ἡ δυνάμει δεκάς the series 12 + 22... + 102, Theol.Ar.64.3 product of two numbers, ἡ ἀμφοῖν (sc. τριάδος καὶ δυάδος)δ. ἑξάς Ph.1.3
, cf. Iamb.in Nic.p.108 P.; δυνάμει in product, Hero Metr.1.15, Theol.Ar.33.VI concrete, powers, esp. of divine beings,αἱ δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν LXX Is.34.4
, cf. 1 Ep.Pet.3.22, al., Ph.1.587, Corp.Herm.1.26, Porph.Abst.2.34: sg., Act.Ap.8.10, PMag.Par.1.1275; πολυώνυμος δ., of God, Secund.Sent.3.VII manifestation of divine power, miracle, Ev.Matt.11.21, al., Buresch Aus Lydien 113, etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δύναμις
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8 πλέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to travel by sea, to sail, to navigate', w. prefix also `to swim, to flow' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. πλεῦσαι (Att.), fut. πλεύ-σομαι (Il.), - σοῦμαι (Att.), - σω (hell.), perf. πέπλευκα (S.), pass. πέπλευσμαι (youngtt.), πλευ-σθῆναι, - σθήσομαι (Arr.).Derivatives: πλόος, contr. πλοῦς ( ἀνά-, ἐπί-, περί-πλέω etc.) m. `navigation, seafaring', also `traveling time, traveling wind' (IA.); compp., e.g. εὔ-πλοος `with a good seafaring, navigating well' (Erinn., Theoc.) with - ίη, - ια f. (ep. poet. Il.), περί-πλους adj. `possible to sail round' (Th.), `sailing round' (AP), also `encasing' (Hp.; cf. ἐπίπλοον). From πλόος 1. the old inherited i̯o-deriv. πλοῖον n. `craft, ship' (IA; cf. bel.) with πλοι-άριον (Ar., X.), - αρίδιον (pap.); 2. πλόϊμος `navigable' (Att.), often written πλώϊμος after πλώω etc. (cf. Arbenz 48 f.); 3. πλοώδης `swimming, flowing', i.e. `not fixed, mobile' (Hp.), s. Strömberg Wortstud. 25; 4. πλοϊκός `id.' (Suid.); but 5. πλοί̄ζω `to commit navigation' (hell.) rather for older deverb. πλωΐζω (s. πλώω). -- From πλέω also the very rare πλεῦσις (simplex only H. s. νεῦσις), a.o. in ἐπίπλευσις f. `attack at sea' (Th. 7, 36 beside ἀνάκρουσις; otherwise ἐπίπλους). On πλεύμων, πλοῦτος s. v.Etymology: The primary themat. root-present πλέ(Ϝ)ω agrees with Skt. plávate `swimm, flow', OCS plovǫ, pluti ' πλέω', prob. also with Lat. pluit `it rains' (from * plovit \< * plevit; cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v.); with πλεύσομαι agrees, prob. as parallel innovation, Skt. ploṣyati. Beside the nom. actionis πλό(Ϝ)ος stands in Skt. with expected oxytonesis the nom. agentis plavá- m.; with this identical Russ. plov `ship, barge' and Toch. B plewe `ship' (IE *plou̯os). Thus πλοῖον (for *πλόϜιον) = OWNo. fley n. `ship'. Furher forms, for Greek without interest, with rich lit. in WP. 2, 94f., Pok. 835ff., W.-Hofmann s. pluō, Mayrhofer s. plávate and plaváḥ, Fraenkel s. pláuti; on related rivernames, e.g. NHG Fliede(n), Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 9, 1ff. -- S. also πλώω, πλύνω; (not πολύς)}.Page in Frisk: 2,559-560Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλέω
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9 δόλος
-ου + ὁ N 2 5-1-8-23-22=59 Gn 27,35; 34,13; Ex 21,14; Lv 19,16; Dt 27,24deceit, craft, treachery Ex 21,14ἀργύριον διδόμενον μετὰ δόλου silver dishonestly given Prv 26,23*Ez 35,5 δόλῳ with deceit, treacherously-עול? for MT על to, for -
10 δόλος
δόλος (A), ὁ, prop.A bait for fish, Od.12.252: hence, any cunning contrivance for deceiving or catching, as the net in which Hephaestus catches Ares, 8.276; the Trojan horse, ib. 494; Ixion's bride, Pi. P.2.39; the robe of Penelope, Od.19.137 (pl.); ξύλινος δ. mouse-trap, Batr.116.b generally, any trick or stratagem,πυκινὸν δ. ἄλλον ὕφαινε Il.6.187
, etc.: in pl., wiles,δόλοι καὶ μήδεα 3.202
;δόλοισι κεκασμένε 4.339
, etc.2 in the abstract, craft, cunning, treachery,δόλῳ ἠὲ βίῃφι Od.9.406
;ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε Il.7.142
; οὐ κατ' ἰσχὺν.. δόλῳ δέ .. A.Pr. 215, cf. Ch. 556, etc.; δόλοις ib. 888, S.OT 960, etc.; ; ; ;μετὰ δόλου καὶ τέχνης Isoc.9.36
; δόλῳ πονηρῷ, = Lat. dolo malo, Supp.Epigr.1.161.53;μετὰ δόλου πονηροῦ IG12(2).510.9
([place name] Methymna);χωρὶς δ. π. OGI629.112
([place name] Palmyra).3 spy, Hsch.------------------------------------δόλος (B)· πάσσαλος, Hsch. -
11 προχωρέω
A go or come forward, advance, πρὸς ἐμὴν χεῖρα as my hand guides thee, S.Ph. 148 (anap.), etc.; of troops, Th.2.12,3.111, etc.; of excrement, to be voided, Arist.HA 594b22 (later [voice] Pass., Alex. Trall.9.3); οἶκος εἰς βορρᾶν προκεχωρηκώς, Lat. vergens ad.., Luc. Hipp.7: of Time,τοῦ αἰῶνος προκεχωρηκότος X.Cyr.8.7.1
, cf. Hdn.2.2.2, etc.;προὐχώρει ὁ πότος X.An.7.3.26
, cf. Luc.DMeretr.15.2: of Degree,προχωρεῖ καὶ οὐ μένει τό τε θερμότερον ἀεὶ καὶ τὸ ψυχρότερον ὡσαύτως Pl.Phlb. 24d
.2 of coin, pass current, Peripl.M.Rubr.47, S.E.M.1.178; of funds, to be allocated or expended,εἰς τὴν τῶν τειρώνων συντέλειαν IGRom.4.1763
([place name] Tira), cf. IG42(1).91.10 (iii A.D.), PSI4.285.4 (iv A.D.).3 to be imported, Peripl.M.Rubr.6, al.II metaph., of states, wars, enterprises, etc., proceed, freq. with some word denoting a good or bad issue,δόξας εὖ προχωρῆσαι δόμος E.Heracl. 486
(nisi leg. δρόμος); τὰ Περσέων πρήγματα ἐς ὃ δυνάμιος προκεχώρηκε Hdt.7.50
; ; οὕτως ὠμὴ <ἡ> στάσις π. Id.3.81;αὐτῷ π. τὰ πράγματα ᾗ ἐβούλετο Id.1.74
;τούτων προκεχωρηκότων ὡς ἐβούλοντο X.HG5.2.1
, cf. 7.2.1, Cyr.2.3.16: abs., go on well, prosper, ; ἐπεί τέ σφι.. οὐ προεχώρεε [κάτοδος] Id.5.62;ἤν τινά γε προχωρῇ Hp.Fract.15
(v.l. προς-) ; τὸ ἔργον π. Th.8.68;τὰ πλείω αὐτοῖς προὐκεχωρήκει Id.4.73
, cf. 6.103; τὰ νῦν προχωρήσαντα your present successes, Id.4.18; of auguries and the like , τὰ διαβατήρια αὐτοῖς οὐ π. Id.5.54;ἴσως ἂν τὰ ἱερὰ μᾶλλον προχωροίη ἡμῖν X.An.6.4.21
: rarely of ill success, turn out,παρὰ δόξαν αὐτοῖς π. τῶν πραγμάτων Plb.5.29.1
; τὸ δ' ἐς τοὐναντίον π. Luc.Alex.36.2 impers., προχωρεῖ μοι it goes on well for me, I have success, commonly with neg., ὥς οἱ δόλῳ οὐ προεχώρεε when he could not succeed by craft, Hdt.1.205, cf. 84, Th.1.109, etc.; οὐ προὐχώρει ᾗ προσεδέχοντο things did not succeed as.., Id.3.18: c.inf., ἢν μὴ προχωρήσῃ ἴσον ἑκάστῳ ἔχοντι ἀπελθεῖν if it be not possible.., Id.4.59; ἐὰν τοῖς γεωργοῖς προχωρῇ πωλεῖν κτλ. PCair.Zen.723.8 (iii B.C.); ῥίψαντες, ὡς ἑκάστοις προὐχώρει (sc. ῥῖψαι).. Arr.An.1.1.12; ἡνίκ' ἂν ἑκάστῳ π. X.Cyr.1.2.4; ὁπόσα σοι προχωρεῖ as much as is convenient, ib.3.2.29, cf. An.1.9.13: abs. in part., προκεχωρηκότων τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ὥστε.. when things went on so well for them that.., Id.HG5.3.27.3 later, of persons, advance, ἐπὶ μέγα π. Luc. DMort.12.2; of excess, ἐς πᾶν τρυφῆς π. D.C.39.37, cf. 48.1;ἐς τοῦτο, ὥστε.. Id.73.3
;ἐς τοσοῦτον μανίας, ὡς.. Hdn.1.15.8
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προχωρέω
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12 σοφιστής
A master of one's craft, adept, expert, of diviners, Hdt.2.49; of poets,μελέταν σοφισταῖς πρόσβαλον Pi.I.5(4).28
, cf. Cratin.2; of musicians,σοφιστὴς.. παραπαίων χέλυν A.Fr. 314
, cf. Eup.447, Pl.Com. 140; σοφιστῇ Θρῃκί (sc. Thamyris) E.Rh. 924, cf. Ath.14.632c: with modal words added,οἱ σ. τῶν ἱερῶν μελῶν Ael.NA11.1
; of the Creator of the universe ([etym.] ὁ δημιουργός) , πάνυ θαυμαστὸν λέγεις ς. Pl.R. 596d; of cooks,εἰς τοὺς σ. τὸν μάγειρον ἐγγράφω Alex.149.14
, cf. Euphro 1.11; οἱ τὴν ἱππείαν ς. skilled in.., Ael.NA13.9: metaph., σ. πημάτων deviser, contriver of pains, E.Heracl. 993:—then,2 wise, prudent or statesmanlike man, in which sense the seven Sages are called σοφισταί, Hdt.1.29, cf. Isoc.15.235, Arist.Fr.5, D.61.50; of Pythagoras, Hdt.4.95; of natural philosophers, Hp.VM20; of Isocrates and Plato, D.H.Comp.25; of the Βραχμᾶνες, Arr.An.6.16.5, cf. γυμνοσοφισταί; freq. with a slightly iron. sense,ἵνα μάθῃ σ. ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος A.Pr.62
, cf. 944;ψυχή.. κρείσσων σοφιστοῦ παντὸς εὑρέτις S.Fr. 101
, cf. E.Hipp. 921: prov., : of the philosophic sage, Aristid.2.311 J.II from late v B.C., a Sophist, i.e. one who gave lessons in grammar, rhetoric, politics, mathematics, for money, such as Prodicus, Gorgias, Protagoras,τὴν σοφίαν τοὺς ἀργυρίου τῷ βουλομένῳ πωλοῦντας σοφιστὰς ἀποκαλοῦσιν X.Mem.1.6.13
, cf. Cyn.13.8, Th.3.38, Pl.Prt.31 3c, Euthd. 271c, La. 186c, Men. 85b, Isoc.15.148, Arist.SE 165a22;σ. ἄχρηστοι καὶ βίου δεόμενοι Lys.33.3
; but sts. even of Socrates (though he did not teach for money), Aeschin.1.173; so of Christ, Luc.Peregr.13: hence (from the ill repute of the professed sophists at Athens),2 sophist (in bad sense), quibbler, cheat, Ar.Nu. 331, 1111, al., Pl.Sph. 268d;γόητα καὶ σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζων D.18.276
.3 later of the ῥήτορες, Professors of Rhetoric, and prose writers of the Empire, such as Philostratus and Libanius, Suid.;Ἀπολλωνίδῃ σοφιστῇ PLips. 97
X 18 (iv A.D.); freq. as a title in epitaphs, IG3.625,637,680,775, 14.935.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σοφιστής
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13 δήνεα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Compounds: several compounds, mostly only lexically known: ἀδηνής ἄκακος H., EM (from where Semon. 7, 53 for text. ἁληνής), ἀδηνέως (Chios, H.), ἀδανές ἀπρονόητον, ἀδηνείη ἀπειρία, πολυδηνέα πολύβουλον H.Etymology: Brugmann Sächs. Ber. 1897, 187 ( Grundr.2 2: 1, 518) assumed *δάνσεα with analogical α from δαῆναι, δαΐφρων (s. vv.) for *δένσεα, *δένσος = Skt. dáṃsas- n. `wonderful craft', Av. daŋhah- n. `adroitness', IE *dénsos beside *dn̥s- in δα-ῆναι, δα-ί-φρων. But one would rather expext *δάος; see the objections in Bechtel Lex. 99 and Lasso de la Vega Emerita 22, 92, who also has semantic problems. (Wackernagel KZ 29, 137 prefers connection with δήω,which is not better.) - Ruijgh, Lingua 25 (1970) 319f. thinks the word is Myc., where * dens- would have given δην- (cf. τελη-(Ϝ)εντ- \< *τελεσ-Ϝεντ-). Also Schmitt, Dicht. 161.Page in Frisk: 1,382Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δήνεα
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14 εἰκών
-όνος + ἡ N 3 6-2-6-33-9=56 Gn 1,26.27; 5,1.3; 9,6*Hos 13,2 κατ᾽ εἰκόνα according to the image or according to the likeness-תמונה/ב or תבנית/כ for MT תבונם/כ according to their craft, skilfullyCf. ALEXANDRE 1988 175-188; HARL 1986a, 95-96; KOONCE 1988, 108-110; LARCHER 1983 268-269;1984 504-505; STEENBURG 1988 77-86; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
15 Κώρυκος
Κώρῠκος, ὁ, Corycus, a promontory of Cilicia, h.Ap.39, etc.:— Adj. [full] Κωρυκαῖος, α, ον: the inhabitants were infamous forA spying out the destination and value of ships' cargoes and then piratically seizing them, Ephor.27 J., etc.: hence Κωρυκαῖος, prov. of spies and eavesdroppers, Str.14.1.32, Cic.Att.10.18.1, prob. in Call.Iamb.1.143; K. ἠκροάσατο, 'a little bird told me', Men.150; μὴ κατακούσειεν δέ μου ὁ K., 'low be it spoken', Diox.2:—also [full] Κωρύκιον σκάφος piratical craft, Alciphr.1.8.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Κώρυκος
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16 παραπαφίσκω
A mislead,παρά μ' ἤπαφε δαίμων Od.14.488
, cf. Theoc.27.12, APl.5.361 ;μολπῇσι π. πέτρας Orph.A. 704
; cajole, δῶρα καὶ θεοὺς π. Trag.Adesp. 434: c. inf., induce to do a thing by craft or fraud,Ἥρη δ' ἐν φιλότητι παρήπαφεν εὐνηθῆναι Il.14.360
, cf. A.R.2.952.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραπαφίσκω
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17 πλοῖον
A floating vessel: hence, generally, ship, A. Th. 602, Ag. 625, Hdt.1.168, IG12.128.5, etc.: more nearly defined, π. λεπτά small craft, Hdt.7.36, Th.2.83; π. ἁλιευτικόν a fishing-boat, X.An.7.1.20; ἱππαγωγὰ π. transports for horses, Hdt.6.48; π. μακρά ships of war, Id.5.30, Th.1.14; π. στρογγύλα or φορτηγικά ships of burden, merchantmen, X.HG5.1.21;μεγάλα π. D.S.13.78
;ἱερὸν π. τοῦ Ὀσείριος OGI56.51
(Canopus, iii B.C.): when distd. from ναῦς, without Adj., mostly merchant-ship or transport, as opp. ship of war,τοῖς π. καὶ ταῖς ναυσί Th.4.116
, cf. 6.44; πλεῖν μὴ μακρᾷ νηΐ, ἄλλῳ δὲ κωπήρει πλοίῳ Foed. ap. eund.4.118;πλοῖά τε καὶ τριήρεις Pl. Hp.Ma. 295d
; πλοῖα alone, = τριήρεις, X.HG1.2.1, Docum. ap. D.18.106. -
18 σοφός
A skilled in any handicraft or art, clever, ἁρματηλάτας ς. Pi.P.5.115, cf. N.7.17;κυβερνήτης A.Supp. 770
; ;οἰωνοθέτας S.OT 484
(lyr.); of a sculptor, E.Fr. 372; even of hedgers and ditchers, Margites Fr.2; but in this sense mostly of poets and musicians, Pi.O.1.9, P.1.42, 3.113; ἐν κιθάρᾳ ς. E.IT 1238 (lyr.), cf. Ar.Ra. 896 (lyr.), etc.; τὴν τέχνην -ώτερος ib. 766; ; γλώσσῃ ς. S.Fr.88.10;σοφὸς ὁ πολλὰ εἰδὼς φυᾷ, μαθόντες δὲ λάβροι Pi.O.2.86
.2 clever in practical matters, wise, prudent, ὁ χρήσιμ' εἰδώς, οὐχ ὁ πόλλ' εἰδώς, ς. A.Fr. 390; esp. statesmanlike, in which sense the seven Sages were so called, Dicaearch. ap.D.L.1.40: hence, shrewd, worldly-wise, Thgn.120, Pi.I.2.12, Hdt. 3.85;σ. ἄνδρες εἰσὶ Θεσσαλοὶ Id.7.130
;σ. παλαιστὴς.., ἀλλὰ χαἱ χαἱ σοφαὶ γνῶμαι.. ἐμποδίζονται S.Ph. 431
, cf. 440, Aj. 1374; πολλὰ ς. A.Ag. 1295; ἃ δεῖ ς. E.Ba. 655 sq.;τῶν λεγομένων πονηρῶν μέν, σοφῶν δέ Pl. R. 519a
: alsoσοφαὶ πραπίδες Pi.O.11(10).10
; : even of animals, X.Cyn.3.7 ([comp] Comp.), 6.13 ([comp] Sup.);σ. πειθώ Pi.P.9.39
codd. ( σοφοῖς Bgk.); : τὸ ς. my little trick, Pl.R. 502d; your clever notion, Id.Euthd. 293d; τἀπ' ἐμοῦ σοφά, δάκρυα my tears, all the resources that I have, E.IA 1214; εἰ δίκαια, τῶν σοφῶν κρείσσω τάδε better than all craft, S.Ph. 1246; σοφόν [ἐστι] c. inf., E. Hec. 228.b more generally, learned, wise,τὸ μὲν σ. [αὐτὸν] καλεῖν ἔμοιγε μέγα εἶναι δοκεῖ καὶ θεῷ μόνῳ πρέπειν Pl.Phdr. 278d
, cf. 279c, Prt. 329e, Ap. 21a ([comp] Comp.), 22c ([comp] Sup.); opp. ἀμαθής, ib. 25d ([comp] Comp.); of sophists, ib. 20a, Prt. 309d, X.Mem.2.1.21, etc.; universally and ideally wise,ὁ σ., τουτέστιν ὁ τὴν τοῦ ἀληθοῦς ἐπιστήμην ἔχων Chrysipp.Stoic.2.42
, cf. 3.167, al.: later σοφώτατος as a title, esp. of lawyers or professors, PIand.16.4 (v/vi A.D.), POxy.126.6 (vi A.D.).3 subtle, ingenious, opp. ἀμαθής ( 1445 ) and σαφής, Ar.Ra. 1434 (Adv.);σοφόν τοι τὸ σαφές, οὐ τὸ μὴ σαφές E.Or. 397
; τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία wisdom overmuch is no wisdom, Id.Ba. 395 (lyr.); τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; οὐδὲν ποικίλον οὐδὲ σοφόν nothing curious or recondite, D.9.37.—For the senses of ς., v. Arist.EN 1141a10.—mostly abs., but c. acc. rei, E.Ba. 655, Pl.Phlb. 17c, etc.; also ἐν οἰωνοῖς, κιθάρᾳ, E. IT 662, 1238 (lyr.); ([comp] Sup.); περί τι or τινος, Pl.Smp. 203a, Ap. 19c: rarely c. gen.,σοφὸς κακῶν A.Supp. 453
: also c. inf., πῶς δῆτ' ἔγωγ' ἂν.. Διὸς γενοίμην εὖ φρονεῖν σοφώτερος; S.Fr.524.7.II of things, cleverly devised, wise,νόμος Hdt.1.196
([comp] Sup.); νοήματα, ἔπεα, Pi.O.7.72 ([comp] Sup.), P.4.138, etc.; ; ; πάντα προσφέρων σοφά all wise sayings, Id.Fr. 763, cf. Ph. 1245; ; ;σ. φυγή Id.Supp. 151
; οὐδὲν σοφὸν εἶναι shows no great wisdom, Arist.EN 1137a10.III Adv. σοφῶς cleverly, wisely, etc., first (?) in S.(?)Fr. 1122; then in E.Alc. 699, Ba. 1271 codd., Heracl. 558, Ar.Ra. 1434, etc.: [comp] Comp. : [comp] Sup. , Ar.Nu. 522:— σοφῶς, as an exclamation of applause, Plu.2.45f, Mart.3.46.8, etc. (Not in [dialect] Ep., exc. in Margites l.c. and as ancient v.l. (Eust.1023.14 ) in Il.23.712; but v. σοφία, σοφίζομαι.) -
19 δημιουργέω
δημιουργέω 1 aor. ἐδημιούργησα; pf. 3 pl. δεδημιουργήκασι (Tat. 17, 2). Pass.: aor. ἐδημιουργήθην; pf. pass. 3 sg. δεδημιούργηται (Ath. 6, 3); ptc. δεδημιουργημένος 2 Macc 10:2 (s. δῆμος, ἔργον, ‘to work for the public’; Pla. et al.; Herm. Wr. 1, 13; 4, 1; 5, 11; LXX; Philo; Jos., Ant. 8, 88; apolog., exc. Mel.) to engage in construction of someth., orig. of any craft activity, then also of divine construction create (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 83; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 126 D.; Chariton 3, 3, 16; Herm. Wr. 4, 1a; Philo, Op. M. 16) 1 Cl 20:10; 38:3. καιρὸν δ. create an era or epoch Dg 9:1.—S. next entry. TW. -
20 δόλος
δόλος, ου, ὁ (s. three prec. entries and δολόω; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 4:8; Test12Patr; ApcEl [PSI 7 verso, 3]; SibOr 3, 191; EpArist 246; Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 200 al.; Just., D. 14, 2; Iren. 5, 29, 2 [Harv. II 404, 2]; loanw. in rabb.) taking advantage through craft and underhanded methods, deceit, cunning, treachery. In the following lists of vices (cp. Herm. Wr. 13, 7b) δ. may be rendered by deceit Mk 7:22; Ro 1:29; D 5:1; B 20:1; pl. 1 Cl 35:5. ἐν ᾧ δ. οὐκ ἔστιν in whom there is nothing false (Theogn. 416 πιστὸν ἑταῖρον, ὅτῳ μή τις ἔνεστι δόλος; LXX) J 1:47; cp. 1 Pt 2:22; 1 Cl 16:10 (both Is 53:9); 50:6; Rv 14:5 v.l. (both Ps 31:2); Pol 8:1 (after 1 Pt 2:22); πλήρης παντὸς δ. monster of underhandedness (Goodsp.) Ac 13:10 (Just., D. 14, 2 μεμεστωμένοι … δόλου). W. κακία 1 Pt 2:1 (FDanker, ZNW 58, ’67, 93–95); λαλεῖν δ. speak deceitfully 3:10; 1 Cl 22:3 (both Ps 33:14).—δόλῳ by cunning or stealth (Hom. et al.; Ex 21:14; Dt 27:24 al.; ViAhiae [Ahijah] 3 [p. 92, 2 Sch.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 183; Jos., Ant. 10, 164; prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia: SIG 1181, 3 and in Dssm., LO 352; 354ff [LAE 423ff]; cp. μετὰ δόλου Did., Gen. 126, 20) Mt 26:4; 2 Cor 12:16. δόλῳ πονηρῷ w. base cunning (SIG 693, 2; 5, cp. 9; OGI 629, 112; BGU 326 II, 3 [Hunt-Edgar 85 II, 3]) IEph 7:1. Also ἐν δ. (Soph., Phil. 102; Wsd 14:30; 1 Macc 1:30) Mk 12:14 v.l.; 14:1; 1 Th 2:3.—B. 1171. DELG. M-M. TW.
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